Cleopatra VII
69 BCE – 30 BCE (39 years)
The last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. She aligned with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, influencing Roman civil wars before Egypt was annexed.
Biography
Cleopatra VII Philopator was queen of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt from 51 to 30 BCE. Famous for her intelligence, political skill, and romance with Roman leaders, she fought to preserve Egypt's independence against Rome's expanding power.
Key Events
51 BCE
Ascended to the Egyptian throne
48 BCE
Met Julius Caesar, secured his support
41 BCE
Formed political alliance with Mark Antony
31 BCE
Battle of Actium — fleet defeated by Octavian
30 BCE
Committed suicide following Octavian's invasion