Civilizations Imperial China
East Asia ancient
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Imperial China

One of history's longest continuous civilizations, from the Xia dynasty through the Qing, inventor of paper, printing, gunpowder, and the compass.

2,100 years BCE
4,012 years of history
298 recorded events
Beijing capital city

Key Facts

Great Wall of China

Silk Road trade

Four Great Inventions

Key Events

500 BCE

Confucius Active

Confucius teaches his philosophy of ethics, social relationships, and government that will shape East Asian civilization for millennia.

culturalreligious
500 BCE

Sun Tzu Writes The Art of War

Sun Tzu composes The Art of War, the most influential military treatise ever written, still studied by military leaders and business strategists.

militarycultural
221 BCE

Qin Shi Huang Unifies China

Qin Shi Huang conquers all Warring States and becomes the first Emperor of unified China. He standardizes writing, currency, weights, and begins the Great Wall.

politicalmilitary
130 BCE

Silk Road Trade Opens

Zhang Qian's missions open the Silk Road, connecting Han China with Rome through Central Asia. Goods, ideas, and religions flow across continents.

economicexploration
713 CE

Tang Dynasty Golden Age

Emperor Xuanzong presides over the pinnacle of Tang culture — Chang'an becomes the world's largest city (1 million), and Chinese poetry, art, and music reach their zenith.

culturalpolitical

Key Figures